基于实测光谱的环境减灾卫星HSI数据应用实效性检验

以石河子地区兵团农八师143团10连的棉花大田作为研究区,采用ASD(Analytical Spectral De-vices)公司研制的Field Spec3光谱仪对不同播期、生育期的棉花冠层进行反射光谱野外数据采集,并对其光谱特性和变化规律进行分析。对比分析实测光谱与同期环境减灾卫星HSI数据,评价HSI应用有效性。结果表明:1)不同生育期的棉花在750～950nm间,差异显著,因此可以用光谱曲线来区分不同生育期的棉花。2)选取了波长在450～950nm间实地观测光谱数据波谱特征,并把对应波段的HSI数据进行转化处理。3)运用HSI数据校正前后反射率与实测棉花光谱反射率进行对比,得出HSI数据经过大气校正后,获得的地物真实高光谱反射率,波长大于700nm波段范围内校正结果与地面实测值较一致,其它波段校正后的结果反射率高于地表观测光谱值,说明该分析为HSI数据定量分析与应用提供了一定的实例进行了验证。     

糖用甜菜物理特性试验分析

摘 要：对收获期"KWS3148"甜菜进行田间状况和物理参数的测定,确定了甜菜种植模式。利用SPSS统计软件,得到了甜菜主要物理几何参数指标的变化区间和频率分布,明确了甜菜在土壤中的相对位置,建立了收获期甜菜的几何物理模型。通过甜菜的起拔力对比测试,得到了土壤自然状态下甜菜所需起拔力为（365±196）N,两侧松土后甜菜所需起拔力为（259±176）N。甜菜的起拔力峰值分别与块根质量、块根截面椭圆的短轴尺寸在0.01水平（双侧）上显著相关,块根质量、块根最大截面尺寸、块根长度在0.01水平（双侧）上双因素显著相关。甜菜起拔力与甜菜品种和土壤的状况相关,与甜菜根系关系不大。试验结果：块根地上高度为（60±24.4）mm,块根横向最大尺寸为（120±28）mm,根块长度为（202±45.3）mm,块根质量为（1198±530）g,甜菜的楔角为（15.3±2.14）度及甜菜的几何模型,可为甜菜的杀秧、收获等机具的设计、研发提供理论基础。     

农机具材料摩擦磨损试验机的设计

为了准确测试农机具材料在土壤环境中的摩擦磨损性能,设计了一种农机具材料摩擦磨损试验机。该机由机架、传动机构、圆形土槽、仿形装置、试样装夹装置、回土装置和压实装置构成,具有零部件结构简单、测量参数易于控制调节和测试结果准确的特点,适于装备实验室作为农机具耐磨材料开发过程中的快速测试设备来使用。     

Verification of mean volume backscattering strength obtained from acoustic Doppler current profiler by using sound scattering layer

ABSTRACT:   Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) have recently been used to estimate the dynamic characteristics and biomass of sound scattering layers (SSLs) or swimming speed of fish schools and to analyze SSL spatial distribution or various behavior patterns. This paper shows that it is necessary to verify mean volume backscattering strength (MVBS, dB) values acquired from each beam for quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution or the biomass estimates of such specific targets as SSL or a fish school when using an ADCP. In this study, the SSL was selected to be a homogeneous density layer over a large area and two methods were used to verify the MVBS values from each beam of the ADCP. First, a mutual comparison among four beams was conducted after calculating MVBS from the measured echo intensity. Second, the MVBS values were verified using comparison between the calculated MVBS from the 153.6 kHz ADCP and MVBS from three frequencies of a well-calibrated scientific echosounder. Moreover, the dominant scatterers (euphausiids) were collected by a framed midwater trawl. From these samples, biological data were used to identify the different frequency characteristics between two systems, using a distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) theoretical backscattering model in order to assess the averaged target strength and target strength TS differences for the three frequencies.     

Increasing experimental approaches in stream trout research – 1987–2006

Abstract –  This review of stream trout research literature for the 1987–2006 period covered >1300 papers dealing with 22 relevant topics, when compared with <400 papers on 18 topics in the previous one (1967–1986). The percentage of experimental approaches here quantified for both research reviews was 18% in the 1967–1976 period, increased to 21% in 1977–1986, to 39% in 1987–1996, and up to 43% in 1997–2006. Particular journals in the recent two decadal period published high percentages of experimental papers ( The Journal of Animal Ecology and Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ; 62.9% and 62.4%, respectively), others, intermediate percentages ( Nordic Journal of Fisheries Research , Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , North American Journal of Fisheries Management and Ecology of Freshwater Fish : 44.1%, 42.4%, 40.5%, and 35.6%, respectively); the remainder covered ≤33%. Research papers on stream 'trouts' published over the last two decades were classified into 22 subject areas for nine major journals separately and combined for 55 other journals. Subject areas dealing with the biology and ecology of trout redds, egg development, alevin emergence and onto fry and parr were the most heavily reported in nine major journals, as well as in all other journals combined. Habitat characteristics and cover use by trout were the next. Atlantic salmon and brown trout were the species with highest publication coverage in nearly all subject areas, with low coverage for all salvelinid (charr) species except brook charr. Research on Atlantic salmon in the UK used experimental approaches in nearly 60% of publications and in mid to high 30% for those on Atlantic salmon and brown trout in Scandinavian countries. Consideration is given to future research needs for stream trouts.     

The pond's shape matters: differential growth,physiological condition and survival of epibenthic Farfantepenaeus aztecus postlarvae

As a function of the water quality provided by square, circular and oval experimental ponds, the growth, survival and oxygen requirements in epibenthic postlarvae of Farfantepenaeus aztecus were analysed in relation to their routine metabolism and apparent heat increment. Temperature, oxygen concentration, pH and salinity were measured daily in two experimental ponds of each shape. The postlarvae oxygen consumption during two 24‐h cycles, their growth, physiological condition and survival and the productivity in the ponds were estimated. Low values of pH, oxygen concentration and phytobenthos productivity, and reduced postlarvae relative growth and survival were observed in the square ponds. We suggest that the latter results from a deficient water circulation related to the effect of the pond's shape on dissolved oxygen levels and, consequently, on growth and survival. The postlarvae routine metabolism, including feeding, varied between 1.91 and 2.25 mg O₂ h^?1 g^?1 wet weight, whereas the minimum oxygen concentration needed in the ponds is approximately 4.25 mg O₂ L^?1. These conditions were achieved in the oval ponds concurrent with higher survival and growth values, in which individuals distributed randomly, for which we suggest that oval‐shaped ponds could be the most adequate for the culture of this and other penaeid species.     

电工电子实验课程教学的思考

<电工电子技术>是机电技术应用和数控等专业必开的专业基础课,实践性较强.针对课程的现状进行分析,试从教学理念、教学内容、教学手段、考核办法等方面提出了改革思想,提出今后的实验教学改革方向,以不断提高学生的实验技能.     

Experimental infections of a ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis on ornamental fishes

SUMMARY: Experimental infection of Tetrahymena pyriformis was conducted on ornamental fishes with skin wounded by acetic acid treatment. Among fishes used in this experimental infection, guppy Poecilia reticulata , pristella Pristella maxillaris , neontetra Paracheirodon innesi and cherry barbs Puntius titteya proved to be sensitive to challenge, while medaka Oryzias latipes , dwarf gourami Colisa lalia , goldfish Carassius auratus , platy Xiphophorus maculatus and angelfish Pterophyllum scalare were resistant. In catfish Corydoras aeneus infection was unsuccessful. Exposure to Tetrahymena at ≥100 cells/mL at 25 to 30°C and at pH of 6.0 to 8.0 resulted in the successful infection of some sensitive fish species. Histological and bacteriological observations suggest that deeply destroyed skin tissues from the acid-treated method are the primary factors in successful infection.     

Experimental design, statistical analysis and modelling of dietary nutrient requirement studies for fish: a critical review

A limited survey of published reports on dietary nutrient requirement estimates for fish (three journals, 46 papers) indicates that broken-line analysis and analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) are often used to estimate nutrient requirements from dose–response data. The application of regression models using published treatment mean values to re-evaluate estimates was possible using 33 of these reports. Re-evaluation suggests that the broken-line method and ANOVA frequently underestimate the requirement. Regression produced estimates that averaged approximately twice, but were up to five times the published requirement. Additional problems that prevented re-evaluation or produced errors in the original estimates were: failure to include nutrient levels high enough to produce a maximum response, failure to space nutrient input levels closely enough to adequately model the dose–response relationship, an apparent failure to screen data before analysis, and insufficient model diagnosis. Examples from the literature are presented to illustrate how design, method of analysis and the choice of model affect the requirement estimate. The effects of measurement frequency and the experiment duration on the resulting requirement estimate are discussed. A set of protocols is presented to help improve nutrient requirement estimates.     

福建省闽台农业合作试验区的实证分析

阐述了福建省闽台农业合作试验区的发展概况,从自然资源、经济环境、农业产业基础等方面对福州、漳州、泉州、三明4个主要闽台农业合作试验区进行了比较分析,并提出了优化闽台农业合作的新思路。